![]() ![]() The structure was highly internally consistent and was stable over an 8-week period of retesting. Then, in a sample (N = 419) of Chinese male participants, the SZES was shown to be well structured, with a four-factor model by both exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) validations. Throughout the process of developing the scale, qualitative data were collected from eligible female subjects, and 27 items were retained via exploratory factor analysis (EFA). ![]() The authors of the present study created the Self-rating Zhanan Evaluation Scale (SZES). Therefore, assessing whether women’s partners are zhanan and preventing potential harm is important. Zhanan-a term that refers to heterosexual males who cause mental or physical damage to their romantic partners, regardless of intention-is becoming a high-profile issue in terms of love and marriage. Finally, in appraising these sources, the article considers the limitations of self-esteem as a means of understanding relationships, and the impact of third-wave feminism on dating advice more generally. ![]() This perspective can be seen in Rachel Greenwald’s Have Him at Hello (2010), a book which draws on interview research with men about dating. Whist these two categories are the most popular, a third type of book is perhaps more useful – as it relies more on empirical evidence. Phil’s books are a good example of this genre, and seek to boost women’s self-esteem by selectively drawing upon ‘folksy’ wisdom about how men and women should ideally interact. The second category is less proscriptive, and appeals to the paternal ‘wisdom’ of its male authors. In doing so they fall into three main categories: firstly, ‘the rules’ approach, which is typified by the Fein and Schneider (1995) book of the same name, suggests that women should control their partners by adopting particular rules of communication. Drawing upon previous surveys (namely Hollander 2011 King 2018), my research shows how advice manuals overwhelming emphasise self-esteem as a tool to help women attract and maintain relationships with men. ![]() This article is a survey of the most popular dating advice books written for women, as of 2016 and sold on Amazon. ![]()
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